In remote areas, reservoirs and rivers still rely primarily on manual observation, with very limited monitoring of mountainous river channels. Automated monitoring coverage is insufficient, resulting in serious gaps in watershed data integrity. Manual monitoring data is often delayed and untimely, making it difficult to meet the demands of refined operational scheduling.

Automated monitoring stations for flash floods and reservoirs often suffer from insufficient data continuity, low reporting rates, and inaccurate measurements. During extreme weather, equipment failure rates are high, and legacy stations still require data synchronization from other platforms, resulting in poor timeliness.

The foundational data for space–air–ground–water operations comes from diverse sources such as satellites, drones, and ground-based equipment, with varying data formats that are difficult to standardize. Departments including water conservancy, meteorology, and environmental protection have inconsistent data standards, creating data silos and making it difficult to achieve collaborative simulations and plan generation.

During emergency, communication coverage is insufficient, data acquisition is not timely, and the reporting chain is too long. Command and decision-making primarily rely on manual processes.